干涉2重要.pptVIP

第四节 等厚干涉 劈尖、牛顿环 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 等厚干涉：在同一干涉条纹下薄膜厚度相同。 一、劈尖 用单色平行光垂直照射玻璃劈尖，由于在同条纹下的薄膜厚度相同，形成干涉条纹为平行于劈棱的一系列等厚干涉条纹。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. ① ② 由于单色光在劈尖上下两个表面后形成 ①、 ② 两束反射光。满足干涉条件，由薄膜干涉公式： 加强 减弱 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1.劈棱处 dk=0,光程差为 劈棱处为暗纹 2.第 k 级暗纹处劈尖厚度 由 反射光之一有半波损失,暗纹;反之,亮纹. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 3.相邻暗纹劈尖厚度差 4.相邻条纹间距 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 劈尖(等厚)干涉条纹的特点: 与棱边平行的等间距的平行线; 3. 角度越小,条纹间距越大; 5. 膜的厚度增加时,高级次条纹向棱边移动; 膜的厚度减小时,低级次条纹向远离棱边移动. 2. 离棱边越远,条纹的级次越高; 4. 波长越大,条纹间距越大; Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 二、劈尖的应用 1.测量微小物体的厚度 将微小物体夹在两薄玻璃片间，形成劈尖，用单色平行光照射。 由 有 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2.检测待测平面的平整度 由于同一条纹下的空气薄膜厚度相同，当待测平面上出现沟槽时条纹向左弯曲。 待测平面 光学平板玻璃 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. a b a b h h : k级条纹对应的正常空气膜厚度 : k+1级条纹对应的正常空气膜厚度 b是条纹间隔 a是条纹弯曲深度 表示相邻两条纹对应的空气膜厚度差 h 为纹路深度 由相似三角形关系 对空气膜 则 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 三、牛顿环 将一块半径很大的平凸镜与一块平板玻璃叠放在一起，用单色平行光垂直照射，由平凸镜下表面和平板玻璃上表面两束反射光干涉，产生牛顿环干涉条纹。 ① ② Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 牛顿环 空气薄膜相同处光程差相同，干涉条纹为一系列同心