GRE4argument题库解题提纲.doc

第四部分:Argument提纲 Argument 1 The discovery of Woven baskets closely near the village of Palea does not necessarily mean the baskets were made only by the Palean people. There presumably existed other peoples who also made the baskets but have not yet been found. Assumption 1: That Brim River is very deep and broad today was also true in the ancient times. (Had it been a shallow and narrow one or only a terrain, Paleans would have crossed it on foot only.) 2. Without boats, Palean people could not carry baskets crossing the Brim River. (Even if Paleans had no boats, they might carried the baskets across the Brim River with other approaches.) These assumptions underlie the claim that the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat. ( Assumption: Finding no boats used by Palean people means they never had boats. (No finding of Paleans boats does not mean Palean people could not make boats.) + Claim: the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat. ( Palean people never came across the Brim River area. ( Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean. Argument 2 Eighteen is small enough to give a statistically meaningful result. These experimental results are explained by physiological reasons only, but fail to take into consideration psychological factors. In terms of psychology, the increased hormone excretion may be explained that the firstborn monkey or human (the big brothers) react to strangers more actively because they know they are older than siblings, which mean they are expected to be more responsible in face of incidents. An experiment conducted under the circumstance that the firstborn ones are separated from siblings possibly undermines the effects of birth order. The high-level hormone in mother monkey has no direct relationship with that in child monkey. Moreover, the hormone produced in the body of the first-time mother monkeys is likely to accumulate. The accumulation does not necessitate more excretion in the pregnancy of next generation