Computer network questions.docx

Computer network questionsBesides bandwidth and latency, what other parameter is needed to give a good characterization of the quality of service offered by a network used for (i) digitized voicetraffic? (ii) video traffic? (iii) financial transaction traffic?A factor in the delay of a store-and-forward packet-switching system is how long ittakes to store and forward a packet through a switch. If switching time is 10 μ sec, isthis likely to be a major factor in the response of a client-server system where the client is in New York and the server is in California? Assume the propagation speed incopper and fiber to be 2/3 the speed of light in vacuum.No. The speed of propagation is 200,000 km/sec or 200 meters/sec. In 10sec the signal travels 2 km. Thus, each switch adds the equivalent of 2 km of extra cable. If the client and server are separated by 5000 km, traversing even 50 switches adds only 100 km to the total path, which is only 2%. Thus, switching delay is not a major factor under these circumstances.号传播速度为20万公里/秒或200公尺/秒。在10秒信号的传播有2公里。因此，每个交换机增加了额外的电缆2公里的等效。如果客户端和服务器被分开5000公里，甚至穿越50交换机只增加100公里的总路径，这是只有2％。因此，切换时延是不是在这种情况下的主要因素。A client-server system uses a satellite network, with the satellite at a height of 40,000km. What is the best-case delay in response to a request?答：由于请求和应答都必须通过卫星，因此传输总路径长度为160,000千What are two reasons for using layered protocols? What is one possible disadvantageof using layered protocols?答，通过协议分层可以把设计问题划分成较小的易于处理的片段。缺點：每一层都将处理这些信息，最终可能会导致延误或信息.这样的失真在不同的层中某些重复的功能。A system has an n-layer protocol hierarchy. Applications generate messages of lengthM bytes. At each of the layers, anh-byte header is added. What fraction of the network bandwidth is filled with headers?答：Hn/(hn+m)*100%Two networks each provide reliable connection-oriented service. One of them offersa reliable byte stream and the other offers a reliable message stream. Are these identical?答；消息和字节流是不同的。在消息流中，网络跟踪消息边界。What is the main difference between TCP and UDP?答；TCP是面向连接的，而