L-7-Acid -Base.ppt

MANIFESTATIONS of RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS ? Blood pH 7.35; Arterial PCO2 50 mmHg. Acute respiratory failure is associated with severe acidosis and only a small change in serum HCO3-. Within a day, renal compensatory mechanisms become effective in generating more HCO3-; at this point, HCO3- levels rise. In chronic respiratory acidosis, there is a compensatory increase in HCO3- levels. MANIFESTATIONS of RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS ?The signs and symptoms: acute or chronic respiratory acidosis ?hypoxemia, → oxygen deficit CO2 readily crosses the blood-brain barrier, → changing the pH of brain fluids, → produces an ↑ in cerebral blood flow, → an ↑ in cerebral spinal fluid pressure and papilledema. MANIFESTATIONS of RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS ? Headache, blurred vision, irritability, muscle twitching, and psychological disturbances can occur with acute respiratory acidosis. Impairment of consciousness, ranging from lethargy to coma, develops as the PCO2 rises. Paralysis of extremities may occur, and there may be respiratory depression. TREATMENT of RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS ? → improving ventilation. In severe cases, mechanical ventilation may be necessary. RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS ? → a decrease in dissolved CO2 or a carbonic acid deficit. Respiratory alkalosis is caused by conditions that cause hyperventilation or respiratory rate in excess of that needed to maintain normal PCO2 levels. RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS ? The most common causes: hyperventilation syndrome. Other causes of hyperventilation: fever, oxygen deficiency, early salicylate toxicity, and encephalitis. Hypoxemia exerts its effect through the peripheral chemoreceptors. Hyperventilation can also occur during anesthesia or with use of mechanical ventilatory devices. MANIFESTATIONS of RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS ? The pH 7.45, Arterial PCO2 35 mmHg Symptoms are associated with hyperexcitability of the nervous system and a decrease in cereb