城镇污水处理技术现状与发展趋势精选.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * Screening: The larger floating solids or those in suspension are retained by a screen. The scraper automatically removes the solids retained by the filter. Sand removal: This is a method of gathering up the silt consisting of gravel, sand and small mineral particles, often contaminated with organic solids. The rate of flow is slow and the heavy solids tend to deposit. The silt is drawn off by a pump. Grease/oil removal: Air is injected into the water causing the lightest substances to float to the surface. The greases rise to the surface from which they are eliminated before incineration or dumping. If they have to be dumped, they must be treated to eliminate any unpleasant smells. Greases can also be recovered by skimming. Primary decanting: The slow flow rate of the water means that the suspended solids have time to deposit at the bottom of the basin. At that point, they form the primary sludge which will sent off (at the same time as the secondary sludge) for separate treatment. The primary decanting step, however, may not take place (in small installations and depending on the treatment to be accomplished at a later stage). Related comments: The “primary” treatment involves physical processes with more or less extensive decanting, possibly combined with physical-chemical processes such as coagulation- flocculation. Treatment like this eliminates between 50 and 60 % of the suspended solids but is generally not enough to meet the requirements for cleanliness of the current regulation. With coagulation and flocculation in lamellar decanters, it is possible to eliminate up to 90% of suspended solids.- Conventional primary decanting consists in separating liquid and solid elements under the effect of gravity. The solids are deposited at the bottom of a structure called the decanter where they form the primary sludges. The latter are recovered by means of a system of scrapers. This treatment eliminates between 50 and 55% of the suspended