Reproductive System.ppt

The Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology of the Male and Female Reproductive Systems Introduction Sexual reproduction produces new individuals Gametes (sperm egg) formed by testes and ovaries Fertilization produces one cell (a zygote)with one set of chromosomes from each parent Creates genetic variation Gonads produce gametes secrete sex hormones Reproductive systems Gonads, ducts, glands supporting structures Gynecology is study of female reproductive system Urology is study of urinary male reproductive system Male Reproductive System Gonads, ducts, sex glands supporting structures Scrotum Sac of loose skin, fascia smooth muscle divided into two pouches by a septum Temperature regulation of testes Sperm survival requires 2-3 degrees lower temperature than core body temperature Muscle in scrotum Elevates testes on exposure to cold during arousal Warmth reverses the process Testes Paired oval glands measuring 2 in. By 1in. Surrounded by dense white capsule Septa form 200 - 300 compartments called lobules Each is filled with 2 or 3 seminiferous tubules where sperm are formed Seminiferous Tubules Seminiferous tubules contain Sperm forming cells Sertoli cells (supporting cells) Interstitial cells in between tubules secrete testosterone Sertoli Cells and Sperm Cells Sertoli cells -- extend from basement membrane to lumen form blood-testis barrier support developing sperm cells produce fluid control release of sperm into lumen secrete inhibin which slows sperm production Spermatogenesis Sperm forming cells go through two meiotic divisions Each of four spermatids develop into a sperm Second meiosis division give four spermatids,each with 23 single stranded chromosomes First meiosis division give two secondary spermatocytes, each with 23 chromosomes that become double stranded. Primary spermatocyte with 2n=46 chromosomes Spermatogonium with 2n=46 chromosomes multiply by mitosis. Sperm Morphology Adapted for reaching and fertilizing the egg Head contai