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Thegutmicrobiotaprofileisassociatedwithinsulin.doc

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Acta Diabetologica ??The Author(s)?2012 10.1007/s00592-012-0410-5 Original Article The gut microbiota profile is associated with insulin action in humans Matteo?Serino1, 2??,?José?Manuel?Fernández-Real3??,?Eduardo?García?Fuentes4,?Maribel?Queipo-Ortu?o4,?José?María?Moreno-Navarrete3,?álex?Sánchez5, 6,?Rémy?Burcelin1, 2?andFrancisco?Tinahones4 (1) Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France (2) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut de Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), 31432?Toulouse Cedex 4, France (3) Department of Diabetes Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigació Biomédica de Girona, and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Girona, Spain (4) Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Clinico Universitario Virgen de Victoria de Malaga and CIBEROBN (CB06/03/010), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (5) Statistics Department, Facultat de Biologia UB, University of Barcelona, Avda Diagonal 645, 08028?Barcelona, Spain (6) Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall’Hebron, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 112-119, 08035?Barcelona, Spain ? ? Matteo?Serino?(Corresponding author) Email:?matteo.serino@inserm.fr ? José?Manuel?Fernández-Real?(Corresponding author) Email:?jmfreal@ Received:?1?March?2012Accepted:?29?May?2012Published online:?19?June?2012 Communicated by Massimo Federici. Abstract The role of the gut microbiota in the induction of metabolic diseases has now been increasingly recognized worldwide. Indeed, a specific gut microbiota has been shown to characterize lean versus obese phenotypes both in humans and mice. We have also recently demonstrated that a precise gut microbiota is associated with the host’s responsiveness to a high-fat diet. Therefore, we hypothesized that insulin resistance in humans could also be linked to a specific gut microbiota. To this aim, microbial DNA and RNA were extrac