Unit1generality概述1.docVIP

Unit 1 Generality of Construction Machinery 工程机械概述 Basic Concept .基本概念 Construction Machinery，known by the other terms: engineering vehicles，construction equipment, earth movers, heavy equipment or just plain equipment, are machines, specifically designed to execute civil engineering and construction engineering tasks. The scope of the specialized manufacturing industries covered by the previously mentioned engineering fields is broad, encompassing in no order: construction, logging, mining, waste management, military engineering and agriculture. These machines are most often associated with earthworks. These engineering vehicle machines, in the most basic form, are compound machines composed of simple machines. These components make up the five equipment systems: implement, traction, structure, power train, control and information. Currently most equipment use hydraulics as a primary source of transferring power. The use of heavy equipment has a long history. Vitruvius a 1st century B.C. engineer gives detailed descriptions of Roman heavy equipment and Roman cranes in his treatise De Architectura. 工程机械是指各种专门用于完成土木工程和建筑工程任务的机械设备。工程机械又被称为工程车辆、建筑设备、铲土运输机械、重型机械设备，或简称为设备。上述工程领域所涵盖的专门制造业范围广泛，其中包括建筑、伐木、采矿、废物处理、军事工程和农业。工程机械常与土方工程有关。大部分工程机械的基本形式是一些简单机械的组合。工程机械的组成分为五个设备系统：工作装置、牵引装置、结构件、传动系统、控制及信息系统。目前，大部分工程机械以液压动力作为主要的传动动力源。重型机械的应用历史悠久。作为公元前一世纪的工程师维特鲁威Application Fields应用领域 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1. earthmoving work土方工程；2. rock breaking work石方工程；3. road construction道路建设；4. bridgework桥梁工程；5.tunnel construction隧道工程；6. architectural engineering建筑工程；7. agricultural and hydraulic engineering农业与水利工程；8. habour and riverbank protective construction港口及河岸防护工程；9. mining industry采矿业；10. forest engineering林业工程；11. environmental engineering环境工程；12. pile foundation work桩基工程 1.3 Classificat