生物学专业词汇.docVIP

Genetics?2010? Genetics?Glossaries?Week?1? Heredity??遗传? Variation??变异 ?Preformation??先成论 ?Epigenesist??后生说? Mendel’s?law??孟德尔定律? Law?of?segregation??分离定律? Law?of?independent?assortment??自由组合定律? Inheritance??遗传特征? Trait??特征? Full/Constrict??饱满/收缩?Pod??荚? Axial/Terminal??轴生/顶生?Stem??茎? Monohybrid?cross??单基因杂交? Postulate??假说? Dominance/Recessiveness??显性/隐形? Gamete??配子? Likelihood??可能性? Punnett?square??旁那特方格/棋盘法? Genetype??基因型? Allele??等位基因? Homozygote/?Heterozygous??纯合子/杂合子? Phenotype??表现型? Test?cross??测交? Dihybrid?cross??双因子杂交 ?Chi-square?test??卡方测验? Week?2? Pedigree??系谱? Huntington?disease??亨廷顿舞蹈症? Cystic?fibrosis??囊性纤维化（胰腺病）? Vertical?inheritance??垂直遗传特性? Horizontal?inheritance??水平遗传特性? Incomplete?dominance??不完全显性? Semidominance??半显性? Codominance??共显性? Multiple?alleles??复等位基因?Self-incompatibility??自交不亲和? Pleiotropy??基因多效性? Lethal?gene??致死基因? Cytogenetics??细胞遗传学? Chromatin??染色质? Chromosome??染色体 ?Haploid??单倍体 ?Diploid??二倍体? Karyotype??核型? Sex?chromosome/Autosome??性/常染色体? Moths??蛾? Alligator??短吻鳄? Parental??亲本的? Maternal??母系的 ?Subsequent??随后的 ?Meiosis??减数分裂? Drosophila??果蝇? Drosophila?melanogaster??黑腹果蝇? Fruit?fly??果蝇 ?Prolific??多产的? Nomenclature??命名法? Hemizygous??半合子的 ?Color-blindnenss??色盲 ?Descendant??后代? Hormone??荷尔蒙? Pattern?baldness??模型斑秃? Week?3? Mitosis??有丝分裂?Complement??互补?Cytokinesis??胞质分裂?Ongoing??持续的?Synthesis??合成?Telophase??末期?Anaphase??后期?Aligned??对齐的?Metaphase??中期?Prophase??前期?Duplicated??复制的?Duplication??复制?Centrosome??中心体? Meiosis?I/II??减数分裂I/II期? Nondisjunction??不分离? Red-green?colorblindness??红绿色盲? Sex-linked??伴性的?Hemophilia??血友病?Hypophosphatemia??低磷血症?Deoxyribonucleic?acid??脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）? Nuclei??核? Principle??组分? Ultracentrifugation??超速离心法 ?Predominance??优势? Phage??噬菌体? Host?cell?well??宿主细胞壁 ?Double?helix??双螺旋? Complementary?pairing?? 互补配对 ?Central?dogma??中心法则? Prokaryote??原核生物? Eukaryote??真核生物? Week?4? Nucleotide??核苷酸 Phosphate??磷酸盐? Quagga??斑驴 ?Skull??颅骨? Neanderthal??穴居人的? Uracil??尿嘧啶? Thymine??胸腺嘧啶? Adenine