航海英语听力与会话_11规则英语评估7-12章标准答案.docVIP

Task 4: Describe advantages of various tools or technologies for proper lookout. 任务4：描述的各种工具和技术优势为适当的事。 The features of radar observation. 雷达观测的特点。 The advantages of visual lookout. 的视觉注意的优点。 The correct uses of various tools or technologies. 的各种工具和技术的正确使用。 a.) If radar is fitted and operational, including long-range scanning, we can obtain early warning of risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observation of detected objects. Though it is very efficient, it does have such limitations as: 1) the constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use; 2) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not be detected; 3) the effect on radar of sea state, weather and other sources of interference, etc. a）如果雷达安装和操作，包括远程扫描，我们可以获得碰撞雷达标绘或与其相当的系统观察风险预警。虽然它是非常有效的，它有没有这样的限制：1）由雷达量程中使用的约束；2），小血管的可能性，冰和其他漂浮物可能检测不到；3）对海态雷达的影响，天气和其他干扰源，等。 b.) The visual lookout has the following advantages: It is reliable and sensitive to color. It is easy to assess heading using human brain. It is easy to identify small targets. The visual lookout is able to see light configurations, figure out types of ship, identify flashing lights, see changing weather patterns, see effect of sea on vessel, affected by blind sector (if observer moves according to the observing position). B.）视觉了望具有以下优点：它是可靠的和敏感的颜色。它是容易评估标题使用人类的大脑。这是很容易识别的小目标。视觉了望台可以看到灯光配置，找出类型船舶，确定闪烁的灯光，看天气变化，看到海上船舶的影响，受到影响的行业（如盲观察员将根据观察的位置）。 c.) Proper use of radar, ARPAR and other technologies should be made during watch-keeping. The working of Radar or other apparatus does not relieve the watch officers of his duty to maintain a proper lookout at all time. Mariners cannot depend on machines too much. Lookout (bridge watch) is always very important, especially in some passages, inside the port and in some dangerous sailing areas. Delayed actions will possibly give rise to big accidents. C）正确使用雷达，arpar和其他技术的发展应在值班了。雷达或其他装置的工作并不能免除他的责任手表官员保持在所有时间适当了望。水手不依赖于机器的太多了。了望（桥观看）一直是非常重要的，尤其是在一些段落，在港口和一些危险的航