语言学期末复习.docVIP

Reviewing Notes for Linguistics Requirements for the final exam 1.满分： 100 分。保持卷面整洁，否则扣卷面 2分。 2.交卷时请将试题卷与答题卷一起交，否则扣分。 3.学生必须将姓名、班级、学号完整填写在规定的密封栏目内，否则视为废卷。 4.学生必须签到，否则出现遗漏由学生本人负责。 5.仔细阅读试题和答题要求，按试题编号在答题纸上作答,作答在试卷上无效。 Exercise types: Ⅰ. Choose the best answer. 15分(15个,1分一个) Ⅱ. Decide T or F 10分(10个,1分一个) Ⅲ. Filling the blanks. 10分(10个,1分一个) Ⅳ. Analyze the language facts as required. 50分 (7-9个小题，根据所学语言学知识和原理分析语言材料。) Ⅴ. Questions 15分(3-4个问题，简明回答。) Chapter One Language and linguistics: Famous linguists: Saussure Chomsky Halliday nationality, contributions to the study of linguistics, theories branches in linguistics(P.12) Properties of language: Arbitrariness Duality Productivity Cultural transmission definition; example; comparison with animal language Prescription vs. description differences Chapter Two Phonetics phonetics: definition focus classification and description of consonants; vocal cords; the velum difference between voiceless sounds and voiced sounds; voicing difference between nasal sounds and oral sounds; nasality The places of articulation The manners of articulation the different types of speech sounds classification and description of vowels(pp. 32-34): Hight; mid; low Front; central; back Rounded; unrounded Monophthongs; diphthongs Minimal pair Complementary distribution Distinctive features Narrow transcription and broad transcription phoneme and allopone definition examples Chapter Three Phonology Phonology and phonetics(p40) Similarity Difference Syllable (syllable structures P52) Stress (word stress P53) Intonation Tone Examples Chapter Four Lexicon word class Grammatical(function, empty) words and lexical(content, full) words closed-class words and open-class words variable and invariable words types; examples Free morphemes and bound morphemes Roots, types of affixes Inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes definition; examples Word-formation: Inflection derivation Conversion Compounding Invention Blendi