语言学教程Chapter Six.pptVIP

Cognition refers to a mental processes, information processing, or mental processes or faculty of knowing, including awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgment. Three approaches to the study of language and cognition (a) The formal approach(形式法) structural patterns, including the study of morphological, syntactic, and lexical structure. (b) The psychological approach(心理学方法) the study of language from the view of general systems ranging from perception, memory, attention, and reasoning. It also investigates language’s formal and conceptual properties. 6.2 Psycholinguistics (心里语言学) It refers to any study of language in or from the viewpoint of psychology. It studies the psychological states and mental activities associated with the use of language. It applied in the 1960s to the two main concrete fields: (a) Developmental psychology, an empirical study of the development of language in children (language acquisition) (b) Experimental psychology, the investigation through experiments of the psychological mechanisms for the production and understanding of speech (linguistic performance). An important focus of psycholinguistics is the largely unconscious application of grammatical rules. Psycholinguistics has its roots in structural linguistics, cognitive psychology, anthropology, or neurosciences. The work of Chomsky and other proponents of transformational grammar have had a marked influence on the field. The hot topics are: short-term and long-term memory, perceptual strategies, speech perception, the brain activity involved in language use, language impaired(障碍), and cognition and language. Six subjects of research within psycholinguistics Language acquisition: How doe a child acquire the language skills (first language acquisition) and how are they extended to other language (second language acquisition)? Language comprehension: how is the acoustic or visual signal linguistically interpreted by the hearer or reader? Language production: how is the in