翻译的基本技巧.pptVIP

第三章 翻译的基本技巧  Translation techniques 第一部分 Part One Procedures of today: Diction Conversion Exercises in class Assignments Diction: Diction refers to the proper choice of words and phrases in the process of translation to fit their context. E.g. Tension is building up. 形势紧张起来。 电压在加强。 张力在增大。 压力在增强。…… 红包 gift money/ bonus/ bribes 根据词在句中的词类来确定词义by means of the part of speech Look, I don’t mind you borrowing my car, but you ought to ask me first. By the looks of it we shan’t have much rain this month. You have to look your best if you want the job. 听着，你借我的车我并不介意，不过你应该先问问我。 看样子，这个月雨水不会很多。 你如果想得到这个职位，就必须尽可能穿戴得体一些。 根据词的语法形式确定词义：by means of syntax agreement 同意 an agreement 协定 people 人民 a people 民族 hostility 敌意 hostilities 战争 use 使用 uses 用途 work 工作 works 工厂、著作 advice 忠告 advices 通知 color 颜色 colors 颜色、旗帜 根据词的搭配来确定词义by means of collocation a fast car, the fast growth, fast music, a fast journey, fast color, a fast film, fast asleep, a fast oven, break one’s fast by drinking some milk, stick fast in the mud 速度很快的车，迅速发展，节奏快的音乐，行程紧凑的一次旅行，不易褪掉的颜色，快速感光胶卷，开斋喝了点牛奶，牢牢地陷在泥巴里 根据上下文来确定词义by means of the context 语境（context）指产生语言活动的环境，包括时间、空间、语言交际参与者及语言活动的目的，反映在文字材料中也称上下文。 真实语境中的词语绝非词典中孤立的个体，而是与其所处的句、段、篇，乃至更宽泛的非语言环境如情感、文化、社会等因素密切相连。 E.g. I’ll finish the book next week. More examples: This war is becoming the most important story of this generation. It is quite another story now. Some reporters who were not included in the session broke the story. He’ll be very happy if that story holds up. The Rita Hayworth’s story is one of the saddest. What a story! I don’t believe a word of it. Last December the Post first reported that probes were being made in each of those cities, but officials refuse to confirm the story. The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from American TV. More examples: 外面有人在叫你。 汽笛在叫。 他的电话叫通了。 我们去叫辆出租车。 叫他进来吗？ 医生叫你卧床休息。 我们为自己的球队踢进球叫好。 词义引申 根据上下文不拘于词的字面意义或词典