Cell Structure Function Huntsville, TX细胞结构amp功能亨茨维尔TX.ppt

Cell Structure  Function /cell/cell.html Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria Two Types of Cells Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria /C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Plant Animal /C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html “Typical” Animal Cell /~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif /images/plant3.gif “Typical” Plant Cell Cell Parts Organelles Surrounding the Cell Cell Membrane Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer /12413/structures.html Cell Wall Most commonly found in plant cells bacteria Supports protects cells /12413/structures.html Inside the Cell Nucleus Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA Nuclear Membrane Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus /12413/structures.html Chromosomes In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits characteristics /12413/structures.html Nucleolus Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins /12413/structures.html Cytoplasm Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material Endoplasmic Reticulum Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface /12413/structures.html Ribosomes Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ribosomes floating throughout the cell /12413/structures.html Mitochondria Produces energy through chemical reactions – breaking down fats carbohydrates Controls level of water and