Center of Gravity and Stability University of Dayton戴顿大学重力与稳定中心.ppt

Human Locomotion Focus on Walking Taylor Murphy HSS 537 Objectives Understand the relationship between center of gravity, stability, and mobility Know the importance of force Identify the importance of the transition from standing to walking Understand the fundamentals of walking Review the main points of locomotion Important Terminology Center of Gravity (COG): the balance point or point where all the weight of the body or object is concentrated Stability: when an object is in equilibrium Mobility: when an object is in motion Center of Gravity Two conditions must be met: All the linear forces acting on the body must be balanced All the rotary forces (torques) must be balanced Location of COG of humans in normal standing position varies with body build, age, and sex Stability and Equilibrium All objects at rest are in equilibrium? All objects at rest are not equally stable Stable Equilibrium Unstable Equilibrium Neutral Equilibrium Stable vs. Unstable vs. Neutral Factors Affecting Stability Size of base of support Height of the COG Relation of the line of gravity to the base of support Law of Reaction Newton’s Third Law: for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction Gait Cycle Gait Cycle: is the continuous repetitive pattern of walking or running Gait Cycle is comprised of 2 phases Stance Phase: Heel Strike Foot Strike Mid Stance Toe Off Swing Phase: Acceleration Mid Swing Deceleration Gait Cycle (cont.) Stance vs. Swing Phase Additional Walking Terminology Stride: is from heel strike on one leg to the next heel strike with the same leg Stride Length: is the distance covered during a single stride Step: begins with the heel strike of one leg and ends with the heel strike of the contralateral, or opposite, leg Objectives of Gait Maintain balance Produce/Resist/dissipate forces Move body in intended direction Conserve energy Shock Absorption In Conclusion Normal Locomotion is achieved with complex combinations of stability, mobilit