ChE 433 DPCL Dryer Control Lecture车433 dpcl干燥机控制阅读.ppt

ChE 473 Process Drying Dryer Control In order to control any process, we need a good understanding of the process itself What is the drying process? Dryer classifications and types Process analysis Macro vs. Nano, Micro Dryers – A common yet costly unit operation Dryers used in chemical processing, food processing and pharma Batch or continuous Energy intensive Frequently over dried at added costs, dusting, product loss Drying accounts for ~12% manuf. costs A common household example … Clothes dryer appliance What is the Drying Process … Removal of small amount of liquid, usually water – Large amounts of water normally removed by press or centrifuges. Thermal methods employed. Heat and Mass transfer Solid drying process is very complexwith micro and nano mechanisms Liquid movement due to capillary forces Diffusion due to concentration gradients Liquid vapor flow due to pressure differences Vapor diffusion due to vapor pressure differences, concentration differences Osmotic pressure created by colloidal bodies has soluble and insoluble fractions Vapor Effusion – A relationship of vapor flow to pore diameter Thermodiffusion Vaporization-condensation mechanism Macro Drying Process This program will not study these nano and micro relationships; we will develop our controls based on the macro mechanisms What is the Drying Process … Drying - water liquid vaporization; not as efficient as centrifuge, 1050 BTU/lb of water removed.? Final moisture varies “dried” table salt contains 0.5 % water, dried coal 4%. Solids can have many different forms, flakes, granules, crystals, powders, etc. The liquid can be on the surface, within the surface in cellular structures, such as wood. Consider the method of handling, dusting, rough or gentle treatment. Equilibrium Moisture The solid’s moisture content is a function of the humidity of the drying air. The moisture cannot be lower than the equilibrium moisture content corresponding the humidity of the incoming air. 50% RH ai