CHE 333 Class 1818级车333.ppt

CHE 333 Class 16 Strengthening of Metals. Second Exam – Nov 12 From Class 8 to class 16 will be covered. Strengthening at COLD temperatures Metals – basically all work in same way which is to block dislocations or retard Them. Remember – COLD is less than 0.3 Tm in Kelvin Strengthening Mechanisms To optimize properties of metals, greater strengths can be achieved by several techniques:- Cold Working. Grain Size Control Solution Strengthening Second Phases. New Phases. These are the engineering alloys that are used for structural applications. Pure materials are used for electronic and electrical applications or chemical applications. Cold Working As the number of dislocations increase they interact and block each other. The first dislocations will be the ones nearest 450 to the applied stress where the resolved shear stress is greatest. Therefore when another slip system needs to be activated, the applied stress must be increased to reach the critical resolved shear stress on a new slip plane. So to increase strain, the stress must be increased. Plastic deformation results and so work hardening occurs and the yield stress effectively increased, strengthening the metal. Dislocation Interactions 1 2 2 3 After 3, another slip system needs to be activated by increasing the applied stress and so meeting the critical resolve shear stress on a new slip system. Grain Size Control. Grain boundaries block dislocation motion as they change the orientation of slip planes with respect to the applied stress. As the first slip system activated will be the one nearest 45o then all others will need more applied stress to reach the critical resolved shear stresses on planes which are not near 450 to the applied stress. In the figure, a dislocation is blocked by the grain boundary as the (111) planes in the next grain are not at 450 to the stress applied. This will lead to a “dislocation pile up” where many dislocations get blocked on the slip plane. This “pile up” c