Clostridium Difficile DiarrheaCDAD艰难梭菌腹泻CDAD.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Clostridium Difficile Infectious Diarrhea (CDI) Infection Prevention Learning Module Prepared by Infection Prevention and Control Services Vancouver Island Health Authority Infectious Diarrhea There are many pathogens responsible for causing diarrhea illness in humans. Of concern to health care facilities are: Norovirus E coli 0157:H7 Rotavirus Clostridium difficile The most contagious of these is Norovirus but the one most likely to cause serious and long lasting disease in hospitalized patients is C. difficile ! Clostridium Difficile Clostridium difficile is a gram positive spore forming bacillus that lives in the intestinal tract of healthy people C. Difficile is also found in soil, water and animal feces Clostridium Difficile People can become colonized with C. difficile and have no symptoms Antibiotics given for other infection destroy normal flora of the gut and allow over growth of this bacteria C. difficile produces toxin which attacks the lining of the intestinal tract leading to malabsorption of fluids and nutrients Clostridium Difficile Symptoms of CDAD can include: watery diarrhea (more than 3 loose stools within a 24hr period) fever loss of appetite nausea abdominal pain/tenderness Diarrhea can lead to serious complications, including dehydration, loss of bowel tissue function, toxic megacolon and death. Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) People at greatest risk for infection have: other illnesses and/or are elderly (eg. immunocompromised), or conditions requiring use of broad spectrum antibiotics (eg. Clindamycin, Cephalosporins, Fluoroquinolones (Gatifloxacin)) The risk of becoming colonized when in hospital is higher than 25% - WHY? People are exposed to C. difficile Contaminated Environmental Surfaces/fomites People are exposed When: Patients not recognized as having CDI contaminate the environmental surfaces and These surfaces are in