CLSC 3033 MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGYCLSC 3033医学微生物学.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Clinical Infections: Neisseria meningitidis Hemorrhage in the adrenal glands in Waterhouse-Fridericksen syndrome Laboratory Diagnosis:Neisseria meningitidis Identification Examine direct smear from CSF for intra extra cellular g- dc Examine smear for halo Other body sites include nasopharyngeal swabs, sputum, and urogenital specimens Gram-stained smear of CSF showing the extra cellular and intracellular gram-negative diplococci Neisseria meningitidis growing on sheep blood agar (right) and chocolate agar (left) Laboratory Diagnosis: Neisseria meningitidis Examine cultures on blood agar chocolate agar after incubation in increased CO2 Colony Morphology Small Tan-grey color Smooth Laboratory Diagnosis: Neisseria meningitidis Oxidase-test positive Conventional CTA carbohydrates for biochemical identification (glucose+ and maltose+) Immunologic methods Antibiotic Therapy: Neisseria meningitidis Penicillin Other options: rifampin or sulfonamide Vaccine For use with people aged 11-55 Does not protect against all serotypes Nonpathogenic Neisseria species Normal flora of upper respiratory tract Some members Neisseria cinera Neisseria lactamica Neisseria mucosa Neisseria sicca Neisseria subflava Moraxella catarrhalis Previously known as Branhamella catarrhalis Normal commensal of the respiratory tract Has become an important opportunistic pathogen Predisposing factors Advanced age, Immunodeficiency, Neutropenia, Other debilitating diseases Clinical infections Pneumonia Sinusitis Otitis media (3rd most common cause) Virulence factors:Moraxella catarrhalis Endotoxin Pili Beta-lactamase Laboratory Diagnosis:Moraxella catarrhalis Direct smear from an otitis media sample showing intracellular gram-negative diplococci Laboratory Diagnosis:Moraxella catarrhalis Colonies appear smooth with a grayish- white color When colonies pushed with loop, they “scoot” across media Moraxella catarrhalis growing on chocolate agar afte