Coal Combustion BGU煤燃烧BGU.ppt

Coal Combustion Contents What is coal? Formation, sources, applications. Coal combustion description. Coal power plants and air pollution: Mechanisms and control technologies. Coal and air pollution in Israel. Coal – what is it? Coal Coal Sources Coal is the world’s most plentiful fossil fuel. Recoverable world coal reserves are estimated at about 1X1012 tons. Coal Applications Homes – heat and cooking Transportation – steam engines Industry – metal works Electricity – power plants Main Processes in Coal Combustion The physical processes influencing pulverized coal combustion Turbulent/swirling flow of air and coal. Turbulent/convective/molecular diffusion of gaseous reactants and products. Convective heat transfer through the gas and between the gas and coal particles. Radiative heat transfer between the gas and coal particles and between the coal/air mixture and the furnace walls. From Fumifugium by John Evelyn (1661)  - on London’s air pollution - “…but so universally mixed with the otherwise wholesome and excellent Aer, that her Inhabitants breathe nothing but an impure and thick Mist, accompanied by a fuliginous and filthy vapour, which renders them obnoxious to a thousand inconveniences, corrupting the Lungs, and disordering the entire habit of their Bodies; so that Catharrs, Phthisicks, Coughs and Consumptions, rage more in this one City, than the whole Earth besides. For when in all other places the Aer is most Serene and Pure, it is here Ecclipsed with such a Cloud of Sulphure, as the Sun itself, which gives day to all the World besides, is hardly able to penetrate and impart it here; and the weary Traveller, at many Miles distance, sooner smells, than sees the City to which he repairs. This is that pernicious Smoake which sullyes all her Glory, superinducing a sooty Crust or Fur upon all that it lights, spoyling the moveables, tarnishing the Plate, Gildings and Furniture, and corroding the very Iron-bars and hardest Stones with those piercing and acri