Coilbased Artifact Reduction UCL Computer Science基于伪影减少 UCL计算机科学卷.ppt

Image Processing for MRI Tips and Pitfalls Patient - Image - Beyond 16 bits are not enough precision ~16 bit analogue to digital converter integers 0 – 65535. True dynamic range is higher (variable attenuators in receiver chain). Complex FFT and other processing. Use “intensity” image (floating point values), rather than indexed or rgb. avoid read/writing intermediate files in tiff, gif. FFT on 2D k-space FFT Recipe FFT other tips 1/N scaling between forward and reverse. Lack of convention for forward/reverse. Don’t 3D FFT multi-slice data. Beware of indices and the location of DC. Vertical axis reflection 2D data in memory and files File Formats See David Clunie’s Medical Image web site. / Files contain: Information and pixel values. Information in either: fixed length header (gipl) fixed length separate file (Analyze) tags (ACR/NEMA, tiff, DICOM, SPI) Endian (not indian) Big endian “big end first” Unix Motorola Mac Little endian “little end first” Intel (Windows and Linux on a PC) Endian (cont) 3D Information in DICOM Example Decoding a DICOM directory Thousands of files often with meaningless names. Set up DICOM node to use sensible file names. Examine the slice separations in 3D space using ImagePositionPatient. for cardiac phases, use TriggerDelay? Future standard: Multi-frame DICOM objects for MR. Also allow annotation for tractography, fMRI etc. Coordinates Image Presentation Window levels Misc. In subtraction images, beware of negative values wrapping round the integer range. signed vs. unsigned integers MR data is complex: transpose, complex conjugate and Hermitian transpose are not the same. software test data (BrainWeb, Visible Human) software links (Image Magick, MRIConvert). misc. (cont) vtk good for surface visualisation. Data is discrete, not continuous. Voxels usually anisotropic. Care: voxel sizes (distortion) and resolution (reduced phase encodes). sinc interpolation is best on bandlimited data – but you may need the raw data, not a trun