Context in Multilingual Tone and Pitch Accent Recognition多语言声调和声调识别的语境.pptVIP

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Context in Multilingual Tone and Pitch Accent Recognition多语言声调和声调识别的语境.ppt

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Unsupervised and Semi-Supervised Learning of Tone and Pitch Accent Gina-Anne Levow University of Chicago June 6, 2006 Roadmap Challenges for Tone and Pitch Accent Variation and Learning Data collections processing Learning with less Semi-supervised learning Unsupervised clustering Approaches, structure, and context Conclusion Challenges: Tone and Variation Tone and Pitch Accent Recognition Key component of language understanding Lexical tone carries word meaning Pitch accent carries semantic, pragmatic, discourse meaning Non-canonical form (Shen 90, Shih 00, Xu 01) Tonal coarticulation modifies surface realization In extreme cases, fall becomes rise Tone is relative To speaker range High for male may be low for female To phrase range, other tones E.g. downstep Challenges: Training Demands Tone and pitch accent recognition Exploit data intensive machine learning SVMs (Thubthong 01,Levow 05, SLX05) Boosted and Bagged Decision trees (X. Sun, 02) HMMs: (Wang Seneff 00, Zhou et al 04, Hasegawa-Johnson et al, 04,…) Can achieve good results with large sample sets ~10K lab syllabic samples - 90% accuracy Training data expensive to acquire Time – pitch accent 10s of time real-time Money – requires skilled labelers Limits investigation across domains, styles, etc Human language acquisition doesn’t use labels Strategy: Overall Tone and intonation across languages Common machine learning classifiers Acoustic-prosodic model No word label, POS, lexical stress info No explicit tone label sequence model English, Mandarin Chinese Strategy: Training Challenge: Can we use the underlying acoustic structure of the language – through unlabeled examples – to reduce the need for expensive labeled training data? Exploit semi-supervised and unsupervised learning Semi-supervised Laplacian SVM K-means and asymmetric k-lines clustering Substantially outperform baselines Can approach supervised levels Data Collections I: English English: (Ostendorf et al, 95) Boston University