《广东省2012届高考物理二轮专题总复习课件：专题2第1讲匀变速直线运动规律在力学中的应用共34张PPT.pptVIP

专题二　恒力作用下的直线运动 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 三、初速度为零的匀变速直线运动的几个比例式 1．1s末、2s末、3s末…速度之比 v1∶v2∶v3∶…∶vn=1∶2∶3∶…∶n　. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 四、牛顿运动定律 1．牛顿第一定律 一切物体总保持匀速直线运动状态或静止状态，除非有力迫使它改变这种状态． 2．牛顿第二定律 物体的加速度a跟物体所受的合外力F合成正比，跟物体的质量m成反比． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1．牛顿运动定律应用的两种基本类型 (1)已知物体的受力情况，求解物体的运动情况． 解决这类题目，一般是应用牛顿运动定律求出物体的加速度，再根据物体的初始条件，应用运动学公式，求出物体运动的情况，即求出物体在任意时刻的位置、速度及运动轨迹． (2)已知物体的运动情况，求解物体的受力情况解决这类题目，一般是应用运动学公式求出物体的加速度,再应用牛顿第二定律求出物体所受的合外力，进而求出物体所受的其他外力． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 流程图如下： Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【例1】在黑龙江的大兴安岭原始森林，冬季狗拉雪橇仍然是当地居民一种重要的运输工具，阿翔和小莉同学同乘一辆雪橇去上学，已知雪橇及人的总质量为200kg，与水平冰面间动摩擦因数为0.05.若一只狗沿与水平方向成37°倾角斜向上拉雪橇，使雪橇加速启动后的第3s内位移为2.0m.若雪橇启动时加速度恒定，则狗的拉力有多大？ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【评析】本题是已知运动求受力的典型例题，在求解相关问题时要注意加速度是连接力与运动的桥梁，要求出加速度才能进行相关的计算． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【变式练习】航模兴趣小组设计出一架遥控飞行器，其质量m=2kg，动力系统提供的恒定升力F=28