板成型英文ppt精选.ppt

Chapter 6 Sheet metal forming Anisotropy Another important factor influencing sheet-metal forming is anisotropy,or directionally,of the sheet metal. There are two types of anisotropy: Crystallographic anisotropy (due to preferred orientation of the grains) mechanical fibering (due to the alignment of impurities, inclusions, voids,etc.) Formability of sheet metals Sheet-metal formability is generally defined as the ability of the metal to undergo the desired shape change without failure,such as by necking or tearing. The stronger it is, the lower is its formability. Formability of sheet metals Cupping test Shearing Other operations Different models Anisotropy in bendability Chapter 7 Deep drawing * Figure 7.14 the erichsen cupping test to determine formability of sheet metal. The sheet metal under the steel ball is subjected to biaxial stretching. The greater the distance D before failure, the greater the formability of the material. Ball diameter=20mm Figure 7.2 Characteristic features of the punched slug Burr height increases with increasing clearance and increasing ductility of the metal. Tools wih dull edges are also a major factor in burr formation. A variety of operations are based on the shearing process. For example,punching(also called piercing) is the term used when the slug is discarded, whereas in blanking the slug is the part needed. Other shearing operations are called perforating (a number of punched holes), slitting,parting,notching.and lancing. There processes are also known as die-cutting. Figure 7.9 Examples of the use of shear angles on punch and die in shearing operations. The tip of the punch in an ordinary paper punch has a similar configuration. Figure 7.21 (a)and(b) the effect of elongated inclusions (stringers) on cracking as a function of bending with respect to the original rolling direction of the sheet. This example shows the importance of the direction of cutting workpieces from large sheets that ar