Unit 4 Earthquakes-Grammar 课件（人教版必修1）.pptVIP

Period 3　Grammar 一、观察下列句子： ①A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses，roads and canals. ②The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. ③It was a city whose hospitals,75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. 1．以上句子为复合句，其中从句用来修饰一个名词或代词，这样的从句叫定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 先行词在定语从句中必不可少，定语从句通常跟在先行词的后面。 (1)The number of people who/that lost homes reached 250,000. 翻译：无家可归的人数多达25万。 (2)It sounded like a train which/that was going under the house. 翻译：它听起来就像在房子底下奔驰的火车。 例(1)中，主句是The number of people reached 250,000，先行词是people，定语从句是who/that lost homes。 例(2)中，主句是It sounded like a train，先行词是a train，定语从句是which/that was going under the house。 2．定语从句的引导词叫关系词。 关系词有两类： ①关系代词。主要有：which，that，who，whom，whose，as。 ②关系副词。主要有：when，where，why。 关系词有三个作用： ①连接作用：连接主句与从句； ②成分作用：在句中作一定的成分； ③替代作用：代替某一名词、代词或某一句话的内容。 二、定语从句中关系代词的用法 Ⅰ.用于定语从句的关系代词 Ⅱ.关系代词的用法 1．that，指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。 (1)Who is the man that is reading a newspaper over there？(that作主语，指人) (2)The finger (that) I put into my mouth was not the one(that)I had dipped into the cup.(that作宾语，指物) 2．which，指物不指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略。 (1)A chemists shop is a shop which sells medicine.(which作主语) (2)The film(which)we saw last night was wonderful.(which作宾语) 3．who，指人，在定语从句中作主语，作宾语时可省略。whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，不能作主语，可省略。whose指人或物，在定语从句中充当定语。 (1)The comrade who visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.(who作主语) (2)Whos the man (whom) you just talked to？(whom作宾语) (3)Wei Fang is the student whose home caught fire last week.(whose作定语) Ⅲ.注意问题 1．关系代词which，that，whom在定语从句中充当宾语时，在口语和非正式文体中常省略。 The boy (whom/that) we saw yesterday was Johns brother. The car(which/that)my uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. 2．先行词为everything，anything，nothing，something(也可用which)，用that引导。 All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的事都已经做了。 You can take any book that you like. 你可以拿你喜欢的任何一本书。 3．先行词为形容词最高级或先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我所读过的最好的书。 Ⅰ.用适