Philosophy哲学.pptVIP

Philosophy of Ancient China The Development of Chinese Philosophy The philosophy in Pre-Qin times (先秦子学) The orthodox philosophy during the Han Dynasty (两汉经学) Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasties (魏晋玄学) The buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties (隋唐佛学) Neo-confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties (宋明理学) Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties (明清实学) The philosophy in Pre-Qin times(先秦子学) The philosophy in Pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views. The most influential schools were Confucianism (儒家), Taoism (道家), Mohism (墨家) and Legalism (法家) Main Schools of Thought Hundred Schools of Thought Confucianism Neo-Confucianism New Confucianism Taoism Legalism Buddhism Mohism Logicians Taoism Based on the work of Dao De Jing, Taoism promotes the belief that a person should live a simple life, not to strive for wealth, fame or power, which will only give one worries and trouble. The school favours the political principle of “achieving good government through non-action”(无为而治) Mohism Base on the teaching of Mozi, the school cherishes universal love which states that if all the people in the world loved one another, there will be no hatred, calamities, and hostilities. Legalism Legalism, begun by Hanfeizi, espouses (主张) laying down laws to unify the thought of people, promoting agriculture to achieve affluence, waging (进行) wars to gain strength and power, and establishing a system of bureaucracy(官僚制度). The Basic Features of Chinese Ancient Philosophy Stress on spiritual existence Stress on practice Stress on morality Stress on harmony Stress on intuition Stress on Spiritual Existence Ancient Chinese philosophers studies different kinds of philosophical problems based on reality and experience, but all of them paid attention to the study of existence. all pursue in order to achieve the highest spiritual state. e.g. Confucianism’s knowledge of life through disposition and consciousness;