C程序设计语言(英文版)--已改格式..doc

CHAPTER 1 - A TUTORIAL INTRODUCTION Let us begin with a quick introduction in C. Our aim is to show the essential elements of the language in real programs, but without getting bogged down in details, rules, and exceptions.At this point, we are not trying to be complete or even precise (save that the examples aremeant to be correct). We want to get you as quickly as possible to the point where you canwrite useful programs, and to do that we have to concentrate on the basics: variables andconstants, arithmetic, control flow, functions, and the rudiments of input and output. We areintentionally leaving out of this chapter features of C that are important for writing biggerprograms. These include pointers, structures, most of Cs rich set of operators, several control-flow statements, and the standard library. This approach and its drawbacks. Most notable is that the complete story on any particularfeature is not found here, and the tutorial, by being brief, may also be misleading. Andbecause the examples do not use the full power of C, they are not as concise and elegant asthey might be. We have tried to minimize these effects, but be warned. Another drawback isthat later chapters will necessarily repeat some of this chapter. We hope that the repetitionwill help you more than it annoys. In any case, experienced programmers should be able to extrapolate from the material in thischapter to their own programming needs. Beginners should supplement it by writing small,similar programs of their own. Both groups can use it as a framework on which to hang themore detailed descriptions that begin in Chapter 2. GETTING STARTED The only way to learn a new programming language is by writing programs in it. The firstprogram to write is the same for all languages: Print the words hello, world This is a big hurdle; to leap over it you have to be able to create the program text somewhere,compile it successfully, load it, run it, and find out where your output went. With th