初三英语部分语法.doc

间接引语中的第一人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如： She said. My brother wants to go with me. →she said her brother“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人ther wanted to go with her. “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如： He said to Kate. How is your sister now?→He asked Kate how her sister was then。 “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如： Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。→Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。 “直”变“间”，一主二宾三不变生活中转述他人的话是十分常见的事。但初学者在“直接引语”转变为“间接引语”过程中，或多或少存在一些困惑和不理解，致使错误连连不断，为此，我把自己在教学过程中积累的一点见解分享给同学们，希望能给同学们（特别是八年级同学）一些帮助。今天谈论的是直接引语是一般现在时的陈述句是如何转述的。请看例句：Jack: I want to have an ice cream.Mum: Mary, what did your little brother say?Mary: He said(Jack) that he wanted to have an ice cream.同学们，在“直”变“间”的过程中，一般的变化规律为：一，使用that连接的宾语从句She said (that) she was with some classmates from London…She said (that) she missed her parents but she had some close friends here.She said (that) China was a very exciting place.二，谓语动词时态的变化1，如果动词为一般现在时，间接引语中动词可用任何时态，如：He says, “ I`m tired.”→He says (that) he is tired.2，如果动词为一般过去时，间接引语中动词的时态去时，如：Chen Huan said, “It is an exciting film.”→Chen Huan said (that) it was an exciting film. He said, “I`m keeping her warm” →He said (that) he was keeping her warm引语为客观事真理时，原来的时态不变，如：The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east.” →The teacher said (that) the sun rises in the east.三，人称的变化“直”变“间”的过程中，人称的变化是难点。因为不少同学在转述时，对象（立足点）发生变化导致自己思维的紊乱，转述表达不清就出现逻辑语意出错，如：Tony said, “ I can`t come with you .” →Tony said to me/us/them (that) he couldn`t go with me/us/them. (√)Tony said (that) he couldn`t go with you. (×)因此，我们要注意，如果直接引语中有第一人称，变为间接引语时人称要随主句主语的人称而变化；如果直接引语中有第二人称，变为间接引语时人称要随主句宾语（间接宾语）的人称而变化（如果没有间接宾语，可以根据内容加一个间接宾语如me,him,或us等）；如果直接引语中有第三人称或其他名词（名次短语）时，变为间接引语时人称及其他名词（名次短语）不变，即“一主二宾三不变”规律，如：Tony said, “ I have to finish my homework.” →Tony said (that) he had to finish his homework. Chen Huan said, “They are my favourite band.” →Chen Huan said (that) they wer