unit 4下 被动语态.doc

被动语态 一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。 二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 We Visited that factory last summer 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 am / is / are + P.P. （1）Do they speak French ? （2）They don’t use the room . Is French spoken by them ? The room isn’t used by them . 一般过去时 was / were + p.p. （1）The hunter killed a tiger . （2）He wrote many stories last year . A tiger was killed by the hunter . Many stories was written by him last year . 现在完成时 have / has + been + p. p. （1）She has learned many English words . （2）He has finished the work . Many English words have been learned by her . The work has been finished by him . 一般将来时 shall / will be + p.p. （1）I shall make a plan . （2）They are going to fix the radio in an hour . A plan will be made by me . The radio is going to be fixed by them in an hour . 情态动词 can / may / must / should + be + p.p. （1）We should hand in our homework . （2）You must answer the question in English . Our homework should be handed in by us . The question must be answered in English by you . 四. 如何正确使用被动语态 1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to”。 eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态） ▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass等。 2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to还要还原。 eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态） She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态） ▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice等。 3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。” ?? 4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。 五、不能用被动语态的情况 不及物动词不能用于被动语态，如：appear，rise，die，happen，break out，take place等 表状态动词不能用于被动语态，如：hold，have，cost，contain，become，look like等 某些动词的进行时可表示被动，如：The meat is cooking. 肉正在煮着。 主动形式表示被动意义。 某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义，如：look，smell，taste，feel，prove，wear，sound等