专英复习资料2.doc

Part 1: Introduction 交叉学科 interdisciplinary study 介电常数 dielectric constant 材料加工 material processing 力学性质 mechanical property 热容 heat capacity Give the important properties of solid materials (6). (固体材料的重要性能) AN: Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical and deteriorative Basic classification of materials based on chemical makeup and atomic structure （材料基于化学组成和原子结构的分类） AN: The technical materials based on chemical makeup and atomic structure are divided into three classes: metals, ceramics, and polymers. Part 2:Metallic materials and alloys 金刚石 diamond 石墨 graphite 氧化物 oxide 氮化物 nitride 碳化物 carbide 氧化铝 alumina 合金 alloy 熔点 melting point 价电子 valence electron 固溶体 solid solution 溶液 solution 溶剂 solvent 溶质 solute 绝缘体 electrical insulator 周期表 periodic table 不锈钢 stainless steel 过渡金属 transition metal 电负性 electronegativity 最外电子层 outermost layer of electrons 自由电子云 free electron gas What is an alloy? Give at least 3 examples. AN: An alloy is a partial or complete solid solution of one or more elements(metals and non-metals) in a metallic matrix. Examples: brass、(plain-carbon)steel、Aluminium alloy Give examples to explain solid solution and intermetallic compound. AN:Solid solution－A solid solution is a solid-state solution of one or more solutes in a solvent, in which the crystal structure of the solvent remains unchanged by addition of the solutes, and the mixture remains in a single homogeneous phase. Intermetallic compounds－ The intermetallic compounds is solid phases containing two or more metallic elements, with optionally one or more non-metallic elements, whose crystal structure differs from that of the other constituents. Part 3: Ceramics 钢筋混凝土 steel reinforced concrete 无机非金属材料 inorganic non-metallic materials 硅