第11章 继承和多态.pptVIP

11.1 引言 动物类层次举例 11.2 父类和子类 补充：继承的本质 11.3 使用super 11.4 方法覆盖 11.5 覆盖和重载 11.6 对象类Object和它的toString()方法 11.7-11.8 多态性、动态绑定和一般程序设计 继承关系使一个子类继承父类的特征，并附加新特征 子类是父类的具体化（沿着继承链从祖先类到后代类，特征越来越具体） 每个子类的实例都是父类的实例，但反过来不成立。 Class Student extends Person{ …} Person p = new Student(); Student s = new Person();//编译错 11.9 对象引用的转换和instanceof运算符 11.10 Object类的equals()方法常常需要被覆盖 11.11 数组线性表ArrayList类 11.12用数组线性表类ArrayList来自定义存储任意对象的栈类 11.13 Protected数据和方法 11.14 final修饰类、方法和数据 补充：11.15 数据域和静态方法的隐藏 补充：11.16 初始化模块 class Circle{ double radius; Circle(){radius = 1;} Circle(double r){radius = r;} public boolean equals(Circle o){//语法正确，但这是重载而非覆盖 return radius == o.radius; } } public class Test{ public static void main(String[] args) { Circle c = new Circle(); Circle d = new Circle(2); System.out.println(c.equals(d)); } } 例1 class Circle{ double radius; Circle(){radius = 1;} Circle(double r){radius = r;} public boolean equals(Object o){//是覆盖 return radius == o.radius; //编译错，Object没有radius } } public class Test{ public static void main(String[] args) { Circle c = new Circle(); Circle d = new Circle(2); System.out.println(c.equals(d)); } } 例2 class Circle{ double radius; Circle(){radius = 1;} Circle(double r){radius = r;} public boolean equals(Object o){){//是覆盖 return radius == (Circle)o.radius; //.运算优先级高，2个错误 } } public class Test{ public static void main(String[] args) { Circle c = new Circle(); Circle d = new Circle(2); System.out.println(c.equals(d)); } } 例3 class Circle{ double radius; Circle(){radius = 1;} Circle(double r){radius = r;} public boolean equals(Object o){//是覆盖 return radius == ((Circle)o).radius;//正确覆盖，但存在隐患 } } public class Test{ public static void main(String[] args) { Circle c = new Circle(); Circle d = new Circle(2); System.out.println(c.equals(d)); } } 例4 万一o不是Circle的实例呢？ class Circle{ double radius; Circle(){radius = 1;} Circle(double r){radius = r;} public boolean equals(Object o){