(公用)2017年高考英语 考前阅读、完型与写作之阅读理解命题揭秘（含解析）.docVIP

考前阅读、完型与写作之阅读理解命题揭秘 阅读理解是英语能力培养的重点项目，也是高考考试中的一个重要题型，分值非常高、题量也相当大。阅读理解考查的根本是检验学生对有关信息的加工能力。阅读理解能力的重要标志是阅读速度和理解力的正确率。从近些年来的全国高考英语阅读理解选材来看，尽管每年的文章内容上千差外别，但仔细研究发现，无论内容如何变化，基本都是一些贴近国内高中学生学习和生活特点、与日常息息相关的，其体裁大致可以分为以下几类：人物传记类、社会生活类、逸闻趣事类、史地常识类和广告阅读类。下面我们就从这几类体裁的阅读文章入手，通过对近两年全国高考英语阅读理解真题的分析研究，进而探究一下高考命题的规律在哪里，哪些体裁类阅读材料是高考阅读理解选材的热点和难点，以及具体都考查哪些题型，哪些题型的考查才是热点或难点： 一、人物传记类： 【命题趋势】 人物传记类阅读以名人生平或逸事为主。体裁上一般都是记叙文，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。写作手法上多采用时间、空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终。命题以细节为主，推理为辅。近年来，人物传记类阅读文章在高中阅读理解题中有所减少。 【应试对策】 人物传记类文章多为记叙文，为了支撑所要描述的人物，短语往往会出现大量细节，这些细节有时很直接，理解字面意思即可，有时则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能判断。准确理解细节是做好这类题的关键。那么，怎样准确理解细节呢？ 首先，从问题中找到关键词；然后以此为线索，运用略读和查阅的技巧在文中迅速找细节；找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读，认真比较选项和文中细节的区别；最后，在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。 （2016年全国 高考1卷A篇） You probably know who Marie Curie was,but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below,who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years? Jane Addams(1860-1935) Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank. Addams helped the poor and worked for peace. She encouraged a sense of community(社区)by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need. In 1931,Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. Rachel Carson(1907-1964) If it weren’t for Rachel Carson, the environmental movement might not exist today. Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. Sandra Day O’Connor(1930-present) When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and ,in 1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court. Rosa Parks(1913-2005) On December 1,1955,in Montgomery, Alabama, Rosa Parks would not give up he