【徐州朗阁雅思英语】托福阅读如何读懂三种题型的长难句.docVIP

托福阅读如何读懂三种题型的长难句 朗阁海外考试研究中心 徐露露 如果把托福的文章比喻成一座建筑物，“词汇”便是“砖块”，“句子”便是“梁柱”。对于一座建筑物而言少了一两块砖块并不会造成其倒塌，那么对于一篇文章而言某些单词没看懂也并不影响对于整个篇章的理解；而作为建筑物的支撑部分，梁柱却会影响该建筑物的稳定性，那么被比作梁柱的句子对于理解一篇文章而言是至关重要的，无法理解长难句会让考生首先降低阅读速度，其次影响篇章理解，最后最致命的影响是相关题型的解决----“句子简化题”，“事实信息题”，“推理题”，因为这三种题型都是在直接或间接地考察学生对于长难句的理解能力。本文中笔者将从这三种题型的角度讨论如何解读长难句。 “句子简化题”中的长难句----“先见森林后见树木” 1 因果结构 (OG: Desert Formation)： The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. 10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people. B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land. C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort. D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected. 解题步骤 1. 观察发现隐形因果的短语result from 浏览选项发现A和B选项含有因果关系 分析原句原句中“因”1). 大量受到影响的土地vast areas of land; 2. 大量受到影响的人口tremendous numbers of people; 3. 很难去减慢或者颠覆沙漠化过程reverse or slow the process原句中“果”沙漠化是一个严重serious的问题分析A选项“因”1). reverse process; 2). affect large areas of land; 3). affect great numbers of people; “果”沙漠化是一个significant的问题 2 让步转折结构 (TPO 17: Animal Signals in the Rain Forest)： In the green-to yellow lighting conditions of the lowest levels of the forest, yellow and green would be the brightest colors, but when an animal is signaling, these colors would not be very visible if the animal was sitting in an area with a yellowish or greenish background. 7.