基于水资源承载力农业结构调整研究.docVIP

基于水资源承载力的农业结构和布局调整分析(修改稿) 王维平，曲士松，孙小滨 （济南大学城市发展学院，山东 济南 50002） 摘要：山东省农业生产在全国的地位举足轻重，农业用水量大，部分地区农业用水日趋紧张，水环境条件恶化。本文分析了具有代表性的区域包括地下水超采区、海水入侵区以及污染河流沿线农业生产区的农业生产用水与水资源及水环境之间矛盾关系，说明该区水资源已不能继续支撑现有的农业发展模式，提出了根据当地水资源的数量和质量，调整农业结构，改变生产布局等相应的改进措施。将蔬菜生产基地由寿光一带向沿黄地区转移，并减少蔬菜的调出。污染河流沿线改农作物生产为林业或改地表水灌溉为开采地下水，改善供水安全保证程度。推广节水灌溉制度，减少灌溉用水量，提高水资源利用效率。 关键词：农业结构和布局，水资源，水环境 中图分类号：TV213.4；TV93 文献标识码：A Abstract：Shandong Province agriculture production plays an important role in China. Available irrigation water has become shorter because quantity of agriculture water use is larger in a part of Shandong, water environment being worsen. The contradiction between agricultural production water use and water resources available as well as water environment for representative areas including groundwater overdraft, salt water intrusion area and both banks of river polluted is analyzed. It showed the regional water resources can’t support the present mode of agriculture development. The countermeasures, such as adjusting agriculture production structure and distribution, are presented according to the quantity and quality of local water resources. The vegetable production base will be shifted from area around Shouguang to areas along the Yellow river and vegetable output towards outside of Shandong province will be reduced. Agriculture production along the river polluted will be changed from crop plant to forestry production or irrigated from polluted surface water to groundwater in order to improve the safety water supply. Water saving irrigation scheme should be extended to decrease the irrigation water and raise the water resource use efficiency. Keywords：Agriculture plant structure and distribution, water resources, water environment 随着我国经济社会的不断发展,水资源短缺和水环境恶化等问题表现得越来越突出,已成为我国经济社会发展的严重制约因素。尤以北方地区严重，一些地区地下水严重超采,产生了海水入侵、地面沉降、地裂缝、岩溶塌陷、泉水断流甚至枯竭以及地下水质恶化, 这些问题的出现都与水资源及水环境承载能力失控密切相关[1]。而我国耕地少, 人口多, 农业的地位举足轻重[2],山东省的农业生产又占据全国首位， 农业生产有赖于水资源的保证。因此, 研究在考虑水资源承载力的前提下, 对山东省的农业结构和布局进行合理的调整，对优化配置水土资源, 促进地区可持续发展