美国当代生态诗歌的审丑转向当代外国文学.docVIP

美国当代生态诗歌的“审丑”转向 闫建华 内容提要：美国当代生态诗歌是生态危机时代应运而生的一种新型的自然诗，它所关注的焦点始终不离生态、环境、自然以及人与自然的关系这类命题。与传统自然诗的审美取向相比，生态诗歌最显著的美学特征便是“审丑”，即生态诗歌着力表现被传统自然诗忽略、遮蔽、排斥甚至是打压的那部分自然，亦即表面看来鄙陋卑丑、令人感到不快和厌恶的那部分自然，揭示丑中所蕴含的自然深层的、内在的美，以改变和重塑读者对自然的传统看法。本文从垃圾、暴力与死亡、“低等”与“有害”动物三个方面对生态诗歌的“审丑”转向进行了分析。 关键词：生态诗歌 审丑 垃圾 死亡 动物 作者简介：闫建华，浙江工业大学外国语学院副教授，上海外国语大学在读博士生，主要研究英美文学及教学法。 Abstract: Contemporary American ecopoetry is a new type of nature poetry in response to an age of ecological crisis. It focuses on such subjects as ecology, environment, nature and the relationship between humans and nature. Compared with the aesthetic orientation of traditional nature poetry, ecopoetry takes on a distinct “anti-aesthetic” feature. That is to say, it mainly depicts those aspects of nature that are superficially mean, ugly, repugnant and disgusting, and that have been neglected, eclipsed, repelled and even suppressed in traditional nature poetry. The purpose of ecopoetry is to reveal to the reader the hidden beauty inherent in the ugly so that the reader’s traditional view of nature can be altered and reshaped. This article thus makes a tentative analysis of the anti-aesthetic turn in ecopoetry from three angles: garbage, violence and death, “lower” and “verminous” animals. Key words: ecopoetry anti-aesthetic garbage death animals Author: Yan Jianhua templehill@126.com is an associate professor of English Department, College of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (310023). Her research interests mainly cover British and American literature and methodologies. 引言 美国当代生态诗歌是生态文学领域一个十分重要的组成部分，自20世纪下半叶开始，逐渐在美国诗坛取得一席之地，经过近半个世纪的磨砺，现已成为当代美国诗歌创作的主要派别之一，与注重形式和语言运用的语言诗等先锋派诗歌难分轩轾，已然成为当代诗歌创作的一种重要体裁。但与语言诗等先锋派诗歌不同的是，生态诗歌关注的重点不是语言自身，而是生态自然尤其是人类普遍面对的生态危机和生存困境，加之生态诗歌主要采取与之相适应的现实主义的创作手法，因而更能为普通读者所理解和接受，其文化影响和社会效应也就更加广泛。在这种情况下，对美国当代生态诗歌的总体特征进行梳理就显得十分有必要，有利于我们从宏观上把握其动向。 生态诗歌顾名思义是与生态有关的诗歌，与其他形式的生态文学一样，生态诗歌仍将生态关怀作为其最基本的价值取向和伦理取向，而生态关怀的实质是对自然采取一种环境主义（environmentalism）的立场和态度，亦即以保护、恢复或改善自