解析三种题型中的托福阅读长难句.docxVIP

智课网TOEFL备考资料解析三种题型中的托福阅读长难句 摘要： 理解托福阅读长难句是托福阅读高分的关键，首先大家要知道托福阅读长难句经常出现在哪些题型中，这样才能针对性的练习，为此小马名师特别为大家解析三种题型中的托福阅读长难句。 如果把 托福 的文章比喻成一座建筑物，“词汇”便是“砖块”，“句子”便是“梁柱”。对于一座建筑物而言少了一两块砖块并不会造成其倒塌，那么对于一篇文章而言某些单词没看懂也并不影响对于整个篇章的理解;而作为建筑物的支撑部分，梁柱却会影响该建筑物的稳定性，那么被比作梁柱的句子对于理解一篇文章而言是至关重要的，无法理解长难句会让考生首先降低阅读速度，其次影响篇章理解，最后最致命的影响是相关题型的解决----“句子简化题”，“事实信息题”，“推理题”，因为这三种题型都是在直接或间接地考察学生对于长难句的理解能力。本文中笔者将从这三种题型的角度讨论如何解读长难句。 “句子简化题”中的长难句----“先见森林，后见树木” “森林”代表的是该句话的“结构”，“先见森林”即考生首先应该关注的是该句话最核心的主干;“树木”代表的是该句话具体的“词汇”，那么“后见树木”指考生应该在了解主干之后才关注词汇，并且只是一些key words. 1 因果结构 例题1 (OG: Desert Formation)： Theextreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land andthe tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficultyof reversing or even slowing the process. 10. Which of the sentences below best expresses theessential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices changethe meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. Desertification is a significant problem because it isso hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people. B. Slowing down the process of desertification isdifficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas ofland. C. The spread of deserts is considered a very seriousproblem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countriesare involved in the effort. D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unlessthe population is reduced in the vast areas affected. 解题步骤： 1. 观察题干，发现表示隐形因果的短语result from 2. 浏览选项，发现A和B选项含有因果关系 3. 分析原句：原句中“因”：1). 大量受到影响的土地vast areas of land; 2). 大量受到影响的人口tremendous numbers of people; 3). 很难去减慢或者颠覆沙漠化过程reverse or slow the process; 原句中“果”：沙漠化是一个严重serious的问题;分析A选项：“因”：1). reverse process; 2). affect large areas of land; 3).affect great numbers of people; “果”：沙漠化是一个significant的问题 2 让步转折结构 例题2 (TPO 17: Animal Signals in the Rain Forest)： In thegreen-to yellow lighting conditions of the lowest levels of the