魏晋南北朝时期北方农业的进与退.docVIP

魏晋南北朝时期北方农业的进与退 【原文出处】史学月刊【原刊地名】开封【原刊期号】200302【原刊页号】30～35【分 类 号】F7【分 类 名】经济史【复印期号】200303【 标 题】魏晋南北朝时期北方农业的进与退【英文标题】The Advancing and Declining of Northern Agriculture Daring Wei Jin Nan-Bei Dynasties　　LIU Pan-xiu　　（History Department.Xuzhou. University. Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu.China）【文章日期】2000-07-06【 作 者】刘磐修【作者简介】刘磐修，徐州师范大学　历史系，江苏　徐州　221116　　刘磐修（1951- ），男，江苏丰县人，徐州师范大学历史系副教授，主要从事魏晋南北朝史和中国古代经济史研究。【内容提要】魏晋南北朝社会长期分裂对峙，但北方农业仍在向前发展：一、耕作工具和耕作技术有了大的进步，牛耕得到广泛普及，畜力耙及牵引软套都被发明出来，传统的耕—耙—耱北方旱田耕作体系形成。二、继承汉代精耕细作的传统，强调“宁可少好，不可多恶”，发展区种法，重视提高单位面积效益。三、农业中畜牧成分增加，是北方农业适应外部变化的一次重大产业结构调整，有利于农业增收和土地利用率的提高。总体看来，是进大于退。【摘 要 题】古代经济史研究【英文摘要】Although the country was seperated into two parts in Wei Jin Nan-Bei Dynasties，the northern agriculture still made constant progress.Firstly, the farming implements and cultivating technology were improved；cattle-farming was popularized；the animal-hauled rake and harness were invented. and the traditional plough-rake-harrow farming system for dry land was formed.Secondly, the good tradition of intensive and meticulous farming, carried forward from Hah Dynasty. was woven into the view of“it would rather be the few than the many”by the northern people who developed the method of district growth and paid more attention to the production per unit.Thirdly, the proportion of more husbandry was the result of the adjustment of agricultural structure to meet the needs of changes from outside the field of agriculture which helped increase the production and improve the efficiency of the land.So there was more advancement than decline in agricultural production.【关 键 词】魏晋南北朝/北方农业/精耕细作　　WeiJin Nan-Bei Dynasties/northern agriculture/intensive and meticulous farming【 正 文】　　[中图分类号]K235；S34　[文献标识码]A　[文章编号]0583-0214（2003）02-0030-06 　　魏晋南北朝时期，社会长期动荡，政权更替频繁，游牧民族大量内迁，因此人们通常认为，这一时期北方经济遭受严重摧残，农业生产处于停滞和衰退状态。（注：如李剑农先生认为：魏晋南北朝时期的北方，民户流徙死亡，土地大片荒芜，“黄河南北千里之地，大部分始终沦为牧场”（《魏晋南北朝隋唐经济史稿》第32、48～49页，三联书店1959年版）。傅筑夫先生指出：“这时北方经济区不止是衰落，而且是退化，退化为游牧或半农半牧”（《中国封建社会经济史》第三册第32页，人民出版