毕业论文—基于单片机AT89C52的指纹识别系统要素.doc

基于单片机的指纹识别系统设计（硬件） 摘要 随着科学技术的飞速发展，传统的安全系统的安全性越来越脆弱，自动指纹识别技术集保密性强、差错率低等优点，已经广泛的应用到需要身份认证的各种领域。本文简述了指纹和指纹识别系统，并在此基础上重点研究了基于单片机的指纹识别系统的硬件设计和制作。系统采用的是增强型51单片机STC12C5A60S2作为主控芯片，而FM—180指纹识别模块作为指纹采集和处理的核心。通过二者的通信完成对指纹的采集，录入，提取特征值，比对等功能。设计表明通过简单的原理能够实现指纹识别相关功能，加深了我们对指纹识别原理的理解，和对单片机的应用。 关键词：Design being based on Single-chip Fingerprint Identification System （hardware） Abstrac With the rapid development of science and technology, the safety of traditional security system become more and more weak and the automatic fingerprint recognition technology is superior in confidentiality and error rate. Therefore the automatic fingerprint recognition technology has been widely applied to those kinds of area where need identification .This article illustrates the fingerprints and fingerprint identification system and on this basis, we focus on the hardware design and the fabrication of the fingerprint identification system. The System employs the enhanced 51 MCU STC12C5A60S2 as the main control chip and the FM-180 fingerprint module as the core of the fingerprint collection and processing. By the communication of MCU and FM-180 ,it could finish fingerprints acquisition, entry, extraction for feature values, contrast and so on. The design shows the fingerprint identification can be achieved by a simple principle and thus we deepen our comprehension of the principle of fingerprint identification and understand the application of the single-chip fingerprint identification system. Key Words: Fingerprint identification STC12C5A60S2 FM-180 hardware  目 录 论文总页数：34页 第1章 绪 论 1 1.1 课题的背景和意义 1 1.2生物识别技术概述 1 1.3指纹识别技术概述 2 1.4指纹识别研究现状 3 1.5论文内容安排 4 第2章 指纹识别基本原理 4 2.1指纹学的基本知识 4 2.1.1指纹的形成 4 2.1.2指纹的相关概念 5 2.2自动指纹识别原理 7 2.3指纹识别系统 8 2.3.1指纹采集 8 2.3.2图像处理 9 2.3.3特征提取 9 2.3.4指纹匹配 10 第3章 指纹识别系统硬件设计 10 3.1相关器件介绍 10 3.1.1 STC12C5A60S2的结构与特点 10 3.1.2指纹识别模块FM-180 13 3.1.3 12864液晶显示器介绍 15 3.2功能描述 16 3.3系统硬件概述 17 3.4方案设计 17 3.6 通讯协议 19 3.6.1 单片机和FM180的通信 19 3.6.2单片机和PC机的通信 20 3.7硬件电路设计