高三英语独立主格结构课件.ppt

独立主格结构 一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式 独立主格结构（the absolute structure）是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。例如： 1）Night enshrouding the earth，nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．（黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。） 2）He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．（他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。） 独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。例如，上述例句可变为：1）Because night enshrouded the earth， nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．2）He lay at full length upon his stomach．His head rested upon his left forearm． 二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式 独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式，即名词／代词＋分词（短语）外，还有如下特殊构成形式。1．名词＋介词短语1）The mayor of Hiroshima strode at a leisure pace toward the puzzled journalist，a bunch of flowers in his hands．（广岛市市长双手捧着一束鲜花，迈着方步走向那个迷惑不解的记者。） 2．名词＋形容词（短语）1）The Trojans asleep，the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse．（特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。） 3．名词＋副词1）This little excitement over，noth- ing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my mute companion．（一阵小小的兴奋过后，除了再去死死地盯着我的哑伴外，别无它事可干了。） The wretched boy，who has recently been dragged from the forest to scrub floors in the barracks，is now sweeping away the snow，his hands numb with cold． This intermezzo over，he found himself surrounded by several stunning，porcelain-faced Japanese women in kimonos． Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the ramshackle house，a vast load of firewood on her back． 三、独立主格结构的用法 独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。 1．作时间状语 1）My shoes removed，I entered a low-ceilinged room，treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting． ＝After my shoes were removed， I entered a low-ceilinged room，treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting．（我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间，小心翼翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。） 2）The governor pondering the matter， more strikers gathered across his path． ＝While the governor was pondering the matter，more str