北美范文argument模版工具箱..doc

北美范文argument模版工具箱 在准备argment的过程中，将北美范文中的攻击套路大概分了14类：1）调查问题，2）错误因果，3）差异概念，4）过去推将来，5）错误类比6）整体规律用于个体，7）单个事例说明整体，8）没有考虑其他影响因素，9）盈利问题，10）非充要条件，11）非此即彼，12）比例与总量混淆，13）对比实验问题，14）其他。并且将各类问题的段落进行了归纳和整理，下面就与大家共同分享这部分工作，希望能够对10G的兄弟姐妹有所帮助。（段落前面的序号是段落所在题目的通用题号） 一. 调查问题 11. The mayorprovides no evidence that the survey’s respondents are representative of the overallgroup of people whose... [被调查者的代表性] Lacking such evidence, it is entirely possible that people inclined to ... were more willing to respond to the surveythan other people were. In short, without better evidence that the survey is statistically reliable[调查的统计是可靠的] the mayor cannot rely on itto draw any firm conclusions about.... 28. The number of participants, 100, might constitute an insufficiently small sample to draw any reliable conclusions about... Also, the sample might be unrepresentative of district studnets as a group. 142. The author provides no evidence that the study’s results arestatistically reliable. In order to establish a strong correlation between dietary iron and heart diseases, the study抯 sample must be sufficient in size[.样本大小] and representative of the overall population of[样本代表性] heart-disease victims. Lacking evidence of a sufficiently representative sample, theauthor cannot justifiably rely on the study to draw any conclusion whatsoever. 144. The author’s conclusions about...depend on theassumption that the poll results arestatistically reliable. Yet, the author offers no evidence to substantiate thisassumption. The author must show that ... polled constitute a sufficiently large sample of ...[样本大小], andthis sample is representative of all such ....[代表性] Otherwise, the author cannotconfidently draw any general conclusions about... 158. The Council has not convinced me that ... in the survey arerepresentative of ...—in terms of ... It is entirely possible that... The 300 people in the study are not necessarilyrepresentative of the state’s general population—in terms of ... For exa