《发动机原理》双语教案(chapter 3).docVIP

Chapter 3 Fuels and Chemical Thermodynamics Key: Using demands and characteristics of fuels, chemical thermodynamics mechanicals of fuels. Difficult points: Improve combustion mechanicals of fuels. 3.1 Conventional fuels for internal combustion engine The engine converts heat energy which is obtained from the chemical combination of the fuel with oxygen, into mechanical energy. The fuels most commonly used in internal combustion engines (gasoline or petrol, and diesel fuels) are blends of many different hydrocarbon compounds obtained by refining petroleum or crude oil. The differences in the physical and chemical property between the different types of hydrocarbon depend on their chemical composition and affect mainly the combustion processes and hence, the proportion of fuel and air required in the engine. 3.1.1 Characteristics of petrol(gasoline) 1. Antiknock performance Abnormal burning or detonation in an SI engine combustion chamber causes a very high rate of energy release, excessive temperature and pressure inside the cylinder adversely affects its thermal efficiency. Therefore the characteristics of the fuel used should be such that it resists the tendency to produce detonation and this property is called its antiknock property. The octane number of a fuel is a measure of its antiknock performance. The octane requirement of an engine varies with compression ratio, geometrical and mechanical considerations, and also its operating conditions. There are two commonly used octane scales, research octane number (RON) and motor octane number(MON). The average of the two octane number rating methods, is known as the antiknock index; thus Antiknock index=. There are three specifications of gasoline in China: No. 90, No. 93 and No. 97, which is the value of respective research octane number. 2. Volatility Volatility is the process that compounds from solid or liquid into gas or steam. The usual practice of measuring the fuel volatility is the distillation of