高中英语Module 4 Fine Arts-Western，Chinese and Pop Arts课件外研版必修二.pptVIP

Grammar:-ing form and the infinitive 1. 不定式可以在句中作： 1) 主语 To scold her would not be just. 2) 宾语 He offered to help us. 3) 表语 My job is to help the patients. 4) 定语 The next man to come is Gorge. 5) 状语 They worked day and night to pay the debt. 6) 宾补 He asked me to do the work with him. 动名词在句中作： 1) 主语 Seeing is believing. 2) 表语 My job is teaching English. 3) 宾语 He is fond of playing football. 1.不定式和动名词作主语的比较 A.表示一般抽象概念时，两者均可用 e.g. Reading good books enriches our mind. To read good books enriches our mind. B.表示具体的特定情境下或有待于完成的动作，通常用不定式 e.g. To finish reading such a long novel will take me several days. C. 当it为形式主语时，常可通用 e.g. It’s difficult to make the air clean. It’s difficult making the air clean. 当表语是necessary, important等时，用不定式 e.g. It is necessary to spend enough time on English if you want to learn it well. 当表语是no use,no good, a waste of time时用动名词 e.g. It is no use at all arguing with him about it. D. 在there is no 后面只加动名词 e.g. There is no knowing whether he’ll come here or not. There is no telling where he has gone. 两者作表语时用法比较： A.通常可以互换 e.g. His habit is having a walk after supper. His habit is to have a walk after supper. B.动词若指具体的、特定情况下的或未来的动作，通常用动词不定式 e.g. Your work today is to carry these things upstairs. C.主语的形式与表语的形式通常应一致 e.g. To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. 两者在作宾语时的用法比较： A.有些动词后只能用不定式作宾语,如：refuse; promise; pretend, wish, hope, agree; ask; decide, expect, manage, offer; afford等 e.g. He failed to pass the driving test. I can’t afford to buy a car. He offered to take the child home. B.有些动词后只能用动名词，如admit, advise, avoid, keep, consider, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, can’t help, mention, mind, miss, practice, can’t stand, permit, risk, keep on等 e.g. No one can avoid making mistakes. He couldn’t help laughing when he heard the funny story. C. 在某些动词后既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，意义并无差别，如：prefer, continue