钢板弹簧外文翻译.docVIP

广东技术师范学院天河学院 本科毕业设计外文翻译译文 学生姓名 陈剑锋 院（系） 广东技术师范学院天河学院 专业班级 机械设计制造及其自动化 指导教师 蒋文明 完成日期 2011.12.30 外文出处：/wiki/Leaf_spring Leaf spring history There were a variety of leaf springs, usually employing the word elliptical. Elliptical or full elliptical leaf springs referred to two circular arcs linked at their tips. This was joined to the frame at the top center of the upper arc, the bottom center was joined to the live suspension components, such as a solid front axle. Additional suspension components, such as trailing arms, would be needed for this design, but not for semi-elliptical leaf springs as used in the Hotchkiss drive. That employed the lower arc, hence its name. Quarter-elliptic springs often had the thickest part of thestack of leaves stuck into the rear end of the side pieces of a short ladder frame, with the free end attached to the differential, as in the Austin Seven of the 1920s. As an example of non-elliptic leaf springs, the Ford Model T had multiple leaf springs over its differential that were curved in the shape of a yoke. As a substitute for dampers(shock absorbers), some manufacturers laid non-metallic sheets in between the metal leaves,such as wood. Leaf springs were very common on automobiles, right up to the 1970s in Europe and Japan and late 70s in America when the move to front-wheel drive, and more sophisticated suspension designs saw automobile manufacturers use coil springs instead. Today leaf springs are still used in heavy commercial vehicles such as vans and trucks, SUVs, and railway carriages. For heavy vehicles, they have the advantage of spreading the load more widely over the vehicles chassis, whereas coil springs transfer it to a single point. Unlike coil springs, leaf springs also locate the rear axle, eliminating the need for trailing arms and a Panhard rod, thereby saving cost and weight in a simple live axle rear suspension. A m