【走向高考】2017版高考英语一轮复习 Module 3-4 Foreign Food amp; Which English练习 外研版选修8.docVIP

Module 3-4 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A If you have ever tried a new sport or attempted learning a musical instrument, you are well aware that the hardest part is getting started. Once you figure out the technique, the skills return fairly easily, even if they are not used for long periods of time. Most experts attribute this to “muscle memory”， which means the brain remembers the action and can recall it when needed. Now some researchers from John Hopkins University believe there is another factor that may be as important in recalling previously learned motor skills—the errors made while learning the task. The study led by Reza Shadmehr, Professor of Biomedical Engineering, involved asking volunteers to play a simple video game: hitting a red target dot with a slightly smaller blue dot, similar to playing virtual games. What the gamers did not know was that as soon as they mastered the game, the researchers reprogrammed it by moving the blue dot slightly off-course, thereby forcing them to restart the learning process. What the scientists observed was that though the volunteers did make mistakes every time the game was changed, they got successively faster at mastering it. Shadmehr believes that this has something to do with the fact that in addition to delivering the task to muscle memory, the brain is also recognizing each wrong move and learning how to correct it. He compares it to having a coach that points out the mistakes and makes suggestions on how to improve. What surprises the scientists most is that making mistakes not only trains the brain to perform better at a specific task, but also helps it learn faster from errors, even when the mistakes are made while learning a completely different task. The researchers believe that the brain keeps a general database of errors and draws_on them whenever a new motor skill is being learned, to ensure that mistakes are not repeated. This helps make successive learning processes much faster. 语篇解读：本文介绍了“肌肉记忆”，以及大脑能够从错误中学习。 1．Which ex