主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致的基本原则.docVIP

主谓一致的基本原则主谓一致有以下三条原则：1)语法一致原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。例如，主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。 例如：The students are very young．This picture looks beautiful．2)意义一致原则，即从意义着眼处理一致关系。例如，主语形式虽是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也采取复数形式；而有些主语形式虽是复数但意义上看作单数，谓语动词也采取单数形式。1.The people in that country are fighting for independence．2.The crowd deeply respect their leader． ?3.Three years in a strange land seems a long time．3)就近原则，即谓语动词的单数或复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。例如：Neither he nor I am going to see the film tonight because we are busy．2．主谓一致的用法根据以上三条原则，主谓一致有如下用法：1)下列结构作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式a．表示时间、重量、长度、价值的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：1.Two hundred miles is a long distance．2.Ten dollars is a high price for that book．b．由anyone，anything，anybody，no one，nothing，everyone，everybody，everything，someone，somebody，each，either，neither等不定代词作主语，谓语动词使用单数形式。例如：1.Someone is knocking at the door．2.Anything is better than going to the movie tonight．c．由“a series of，a kind of，a portion of +名词”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。例如：A series of debates is scheduled to be held next week．d．由“many a，more than one +单数名词”作主语，尽管意义上表示复数，但谓语动词仍采用单数形式。例如：Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break．There is more than one answer to your question．e．“名词+and+名词”作主语，表示同一人、同一概念或事物时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：A writer and educator is giving a lecture now．(这个人既是作家又是教育家)f．either (neither) + of +复数名词(或代词)作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：1.If either of you takes a vacation now，we will not be able to finish the work．2.Neither of them wants to come．g．在each…and each…，every…and every…等结构之后，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Each man and each woman has the right to vote．h．动词不定式、动名词或分句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：What I want to say is none of your business．Listening to the classical music is enjoyable．i．以-ics结尾的复数名词指一门学科时，如politics(政治学)，mathematics(数学)，statistics(统计学)，acoustics(声学)，linguistics(语言学)等，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Mathematics is what he majors in．2)下列结构作主语，谓语动词单复数形式取决于of后的名词。a．由“a11，none，no，most，half，the last，the rest，the remainder+of+名词”等不定代词作主语，谓语动词单复数形式由of后名词的单复数而定。例如：None of the food is wasted．None of the s