[工商管理专业英语.docVIP

一、名词解释 1. The plan of action is, at one and the same time, the result envisaged, the line of action to be followed, the stages to go through, and methods to use. 2. Human needs are states of felt deprivation. Humans have manly complex needs. These include basic physical needs for food, clothing, warmth, and safety; social needs for belonging and affection; and individual needs for knowledge and self-expression. 3. Customer value is the difference between the values the customer gains from owning and using a product and the costs of obtaining the product. 4. Place, another key marketing-mix tool, includes the various activities the company undertakes to make the product accessible and available to target customers. 5. Group technology is a concept that currently is attracting a lot of attention from the manufacturing community. 6. Issuing bank is obligated to honor drawings under the L/C regardless of the buyer’s ability or willingness to pay. 7. Letter of credit is an instrument issued by a bank on behalf of the importer (buyer) promising to pay the exporter (beneficiary)upon presentation of shipping documents in compliance with the terms stipulated therein. 8. Leader ship is a personal relationship in which one person directs, coordinates, and supervises others in the performance of a common task. 9. Advising bank. The correspondent bank in the beneficiary’s country to which the issuing bank sends the L/C is commonly referred to as the “advising”. 10. Marketing mix is one of the key concepts in modern marketing theory. Marketing mix is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketing objectives in the target market. 11. Total quality management means a comprehensive approach to quality by everyone in an organization to provide customers with reliable products and services. 二、简答 1. What are the features of a good plan of action? P30 一个好的行动计划有什么特点： （1）统一性，即一个既能面向整体又能顾及各个部分的行动计划。（2）连续性，即必须要保障计划的连续性。（3）灵活性，即该计划能够灵活地适应环境的变化。（4）准确性，即行动计划的制定必须具有针对性和准