高中英语写作能力训练人教实验版知识精讲.doc

高中英语写作能力训练人教实验版 【本讲教育信息】 一. 教学内容： 高中英语写作能力训练 二. 教学目标： 学习灵活运用较复杂的句子结构或较高级的词汇作文得高分 高考英语考试说明“要求考生根据所给情景，用英语写一篇150个单词左右的短文”。以前英语作文评分依据是根据要点和语言准确度而定，但近几年要求“使用较多语法结构和词汇”，因此要想得高分，除了要点和语言准确度以外，还必须在较复杂的句子结构或较高级的词汇上有所表现。句式单一，缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分，相反“有些错误，但是为了使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”，给分档次仍在最高档。 （一）以下四种手段是增加句子复杂性的常见方法，也是得高分的“亮点”。 1. 改变句子的开头方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再加一个状语。可以把状语置于句首，或用分词做状语等。 ［原文］We met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning. ［修正］Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together. ［原文］The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news. ［修正］Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying. 2. 在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句式，要灵活运用诸如倒装句、强调句、主从复合句、分词状语等。 ①强调句 ［原文］My parents praised Ah Fu warmly. It had saved my little sister bravely. ［修正］My parents praised Ah Fu warmly. It was our brave Ah Fu who had saved my little sister bravely. ②由what等引导的从句，此处的what相当于中文的“所……”，有很大的概括力，如： ［原文］We had to stand there to catch the offender. ［修正］What we had to do was （to）stand there, trying to catch the offender. What China has achieved in recent years is known through the world. China is no longer what it used to be. ③由with或without引导的短语。如： He sat in a chair with a newspaper in the hand. ④分词短语。如： Satisfied with the result, he decided to go on with a new experiment. ⑤倒装句。如： Only in this way can we achieve our goal. Never before have I seen such a wonderful film. ⑥省略句。如： If so, victory will be ours. You can make some changes wherever necessary. ⑦对比，这是中文中也常用的方法。如： Failure is not a crime, but failure to learn from failure is. When I play, I feel excited, and after it I feel relaxed. 3. 通过分句和合句，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。 ［原文］He stopped us half an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender. ［修正］He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender. ［原文］We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played chess. ［修正］After a short rest, we had great fun singing and d