张静中学2014高考英语一轮阅读题及答案.doc

张静中学2014高考英语一轮阅读题及答案 阅读理解专题训练()、议论文的阅读() ◆ 方法点拨 议论文通常用来讨论一个观点或现象，其内容主要由三部分组成：论点，论据与结论。论点就是作者要论述的观点，是文章的主旨；而论据是用来证明论点的材料，也就是支撑论点的理由和事实。它可以是事例，理论，数据等等，结论则是论证后所得出的总结性观点。 写作方法通常是：提出论点，分析或举例论证，得出结论。 阅读议论文的方法： 读者应该先搞清楚其结构。首先通过寻找短文的主题句来确定文章的主题，也就是论点。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。因此仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。在浏览时，一般不需逐句浏览，只需选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和末句。但注意，有些文章的主题句或者说“文眼”出现在文章的最后，此类文章往往以列举事实开头，通过论证，最后阐述核心观点，或者引用某个人的话印证自己的观点，以此归纳文章的主旨大意。找出文章的主论点后，还需进一步找出每段落的分论点，以免分论点与主论点混淆。 ◆ 活学活用 阅读下列文章，按要求完成读写任务 Its natural that children are curious about the world around them.For example，they want to know how their hearts beat.They want to know why the ocean water tastes salty. As children grow up，they become curious about different kinds of things.When they are babies，they are interested in the parts of their bodies and in the smiles of the others.Then they become interested in the physical world around them：the plants，the animals，and the sky.Later they become interested in the things that people have made：wheels，bicycles，cars，etc.And when they are adults，their curiosity continues.Sometimes this curiosity leads to a career(生涯)in science. Scientists spend their lives trying to find out about the world.Those who work with the earth sciences study the earth，the oceans，and the skies.Other scientists who study living things work with the biological science.A third group of scientists study the physical science，e.g.physics and chemistry. These scientists have already discovered a lot about our world.For example，they tell us why your heart beats fast when you run.They say that when you are quiet，your heart normally beats sixty-five or seventy-five times a minute.Your heart is a pump that pumps blood to all parts of the body.The blood carries oxygen and nutrition.When you run，your muscles work very hard and use the nutrition that the brain carries to them.The muscles need oxygen，too.So your brain sends a signal to the heart.The signal means that the muscles need more nutrition and oxygen.Th