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1. The Historical Context
1). In a more remote period of Greek history, probably around 1200B.C. , a war was fought between Greece(希腊)and Troy(特洛伊)
2). Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5thcentury B.C.
What marked the high point of development in Greek culture in the 5th century B.C.?
1). The high point of development in Greek culture was marked by (a) the successful repulse of the Persian invasion early in the 5thcentury B.C., (b) the establishment of democracy and (c) the flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens(雅典).
2). the 5th century B.C. closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta(斯巴达) in Greece.
3). in the second half of the 4th century B.C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alexander, King of Macedon(马其顿王国).
4). in 146 B.C. the Romans conquered the Greece.
2. Social and Political Structure
What were the main features of ancient Greek society?
1). Athens was a democracy, where only the adult male citizens had the rights.
2). The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labor.
3). The Greeks loved sports. Once every four years, they had a big festival on Olympus Mount which included contests of sports.
4). Revised in 1896, the Games have become the world’s foremost amateur sports competition.
3. Homer (about 700 B. C.)(荷马)
What did Homer do?(荷马史诗名词解释?)
1). Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics: the Iliad 《伊利亚特》and the Odyssey《奥德赛》.
2). Homer probably lived around 700 B.C.
3). The Iliad and the Odyssey are not about events of Homer’s own time, but about great men and wars about a remoter age, probably in the period of 1200—1100 B.C.
Drama
1). Early in their remote past, the Greeks started to perform plays at religious festivals.
2). Out of these religions a powerful drama developed in the 5th century B.C.
3). Performances were given in open-air theatres, with the audience sitting on stone benches and looking down at the stage from three sides
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