Unit2InternationalTradeTheories-byAlice介绍.ppt

Unit 2 International Trade Theories Text A Basic Theories of International Trade -by Zuo Anting Outline Learning Objectives Key terms, words and phrases Reading and discussion Learning Objectives to understand the main theoretical explanation for how and why countries trade with each other to learn the factors that determine the pattern of world trade Key terms –Classical Theories of Trade Mercantilism (mercantilist) Trade surplus/deficit Zero-sum game Positive-sum game 正和博弈 The Wealth of Nations Absolute advantage Comparative advantage Words and Phrases subsidize v. monopoly under-consuming mutually accumulation Reading Discussion-Classical Theories of Trade Mercantilism 1. What is Mercantilism? export＞import 2. Why is it wrong? Adam Smith亚当斯密 Theory of absolute advantage trade between countries is beneficial diffrences in absolute costs are the basis of trade 当两个国家生产两种商品，使用一种生产要素——劳动时，如果刚好A国家在一种商品上劳动生产率高，B国家在这种商品上劳动生产率低，则A国该商品生产上具有绝对优势；两国按各自的绝对优势进行专业生产分工并参与贸易，则两国都能从贸易中得到利益。 PortugalAustrailia What if one country has an absolute advantage in the production of both goods? David Ricardo李嘉图 Comparative advantage 比较优势理论的精髓就是我们中国人所说的“天生我材必有用”。 HollywoodBollywood The Factor-Proportions theory (HO Theory) Factor-Proportions labor-intensive capital-intensive Leontief Paradox consumer preferences human capital physical capital factor endowment manufactured goods simultaneously endow identical plausible homogeneous at best to account for The Factor-Proportions theory-HO Theory Heckscher 赫克歇尔 Ohlin 俄林 patterns of trade are determined by differences in factor endowments - not productivity focus on relative advantage  Leontief Paradox 里昂惕夫之谜 Could Factor Proportions Theory be used to explain the types of goods the United States imported and exported? The Method The Findings The controversy Demand-Side Theories of Trade Country-Similarity Theory需求方贸易理论和国家相似性理论 demand-side theories of Trade country-similarity theory per capita